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====Scottish Invaders?====
 
The 9thhandbook refers to an event where "Malcolm King of Scots attacked Chester" identifying this Malcom is probblematic. The 11th Century King of the Scots, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_(Macbeth) Malcolm III] (d.1093), is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_(Macbeth) same character] who turns up in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macbeth "Scottish Play"] and his forces did defeat the previous Scottish king at Dunsinnan in 1054 ("he who isn't named" wasn't killed in the battle - but at the Battle of Lumphanan some years later). The historical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland Malcolm III] invaded England five times often with the excuse that he was supporting the claim to the English throne of his brother-in-law [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_%C3%86theling Edgar Ætheling]. Edgar's supporters included [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin,_Earl_of_Mercia Edwin, the Earl of Mercia], who may have been based at Chester, but there is no evidence that Malcolm ever came close with his army. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_IV_of_Scotland#Malcolm_IV_and_Henry_II Malcom IV] did come to Chester in 1157, but that was to pay homage to Henry II and lose lands which [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland David I] had conquered (he never got near Chester either). The mistake appears to have arisen as a consequence of an error in Ormerod's history where it is written:
 
In fact, the mistake appears to have arisen as a consequence of an error in Ormerod's history where it is written:
 
* '''In 894, according to Henry Bradshaw^, Harold king of the Danes, Mancolin king of the Scots, and another confederate prince, encamped on Hoole Heath, near Chester, and after a long siege reduced the city, but soon afterwards were attacked by Alfred, who pursued thither their comrades who had fled from Buttingdune. The time and the success of the siege by Alfred are variously related by the historians, but the result appears to be that the Danes left the city in consequence of famine'''
 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Bradshaw_(poet) Bradshaw] is known to be a not very accurate historical source (and his Latin treatise "De antiquitate et magnificentia Urbis Cestricie" is lost). In 894 the king of Scotland was Domnall mac Causantín. The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba has Donald succeeded by his cousin Constantine II. Donald's son Malcolm (Máel Coluim mac Domnall) was later king as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_I_of_Scotland Malcolm I] and while he raided England, he never got as far south as Chester. The Vikings are known to have attacked Chester in 894, but other than Bradshaw no independent source mentions the Scots.
 
The Scots were back over the border in 1715. Despite its Tory inclinations and some sympathy for the Jacobites, Chester made no move in support of the rising of 1715. The defeat of the rebels at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Preston_(1715) Preston] spared it direct involvement in military operations, although its Militia was called up and government troops marched through. Captured Jacobites numbering up to 500 at a time were brought for temporary imprisonment at Chester, crowding Chester Castle and the city gaol and overflowing into houses throughout the city. Initially many perished of cold, hunger, and fever because local sympathizers were prevented from assisting them. This was probably the only time a Scots army came anywhere near Hoole, and they were prisoners at the time.
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